Buford complex syndrome. Furthermore, the prevalence of the Buford complex in patients without any labral pathology was also determined This study, to our knowledge, includes the largest cohort in the literature reporting the prevalence of the Buford complex (2. Apr 12, 2005 · MR arthrography of the shoulder is the most accurate imaging modality in demonstrating abnormalities of the glenoid labrum and associated structures. 10). Buford, GA has 5954 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) treatment results with an average of 27 years of experience and a total of 32661 reviews. Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Venous TOS (10%–15% of TOS cases) is caused by subclavian vein compression between the clavicle and first rib within the costoclavicular space, resulting in the abrupt presentation of axillary–subclavian vein effort thrombosis (Paget-von Schroetter syndrome). 3). Lucia Braccaioli Jun 1, 1994 · Two hundred consecutive shoulder arthroscopy videotapes were retrospectively reviewed, paying specific attention to the anatomy of the anterosuperior glenoid quadrant and especially the labroligamentous complex. Abstract: The Buford complex is an anatomic variation defined as the association of a cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) and an absent anterosuperior labrum. Jun 1, 2021 · This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Buford complex and to investigate its association with labral pathologies (superior labrum anterior-posterior [SLAP] lesion and anterior, posterior, or multidirectional instability) using a very large patient database. May 15, 2015 · He said many times surgeons see a Buford Complex and incorrectly read it as a detached ligament. Join Diagnologic like thousands of radiologists around the world. Traditionally, reattachment to the glenoid has been discouraged. 5-5%) of individuals 2,6,7. 3) is a distinct congenital condition that occurs in approximately 1 to 7% of normal shoulders [25]. It involves the absence or underdevelopment of the anterior labrum, coupled with a unique middle glenohumeral ligament. Variants of the superior labrum and labro-bicipital complex: a comparative study of shoulder specimens using MR arthrography, multi-slice CT arthrography and anatomical dissection. Oct 1, 2000 · Buford complex is characterized by absence of the anterosuperior labrum and cordlike thickening of the middle glenohumeral ligament. Tears of the labrum, the capsule or the gleno-humeral ligaments can lead to pain, catching, popping or instability. Need help deciding? A case of Buford complex which was found incidentally during the operation of impingement syndrome with stiffness and treated with subacromial decompression only is reported. Explore patient feedback and see 3,195 doctors accepting new patients. 2) [12, 13]. Explore top Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) treatment doctors in Buford, GA - View 1,249 doctors with an average of 25 years experience and 9,067 reviews. Furthermore, the prevalence of the Buford complex in patients without any labral pathology was also determined. Explore patient feedback and see 2,990 doctors accepting new patients. Feb 8, 2025 · Poor blood supply-anterosuperior labrum Superior labrum had different morphologies Serves as origin of biceps along with supraglenoid tubercle 50/50 shared origin -most origins are posterior to 12 o’clock position Variants: sublabral foramen, discoid, buford complex Jun 1, 1999 · This anatomical variation may lead the surgeon to confuse this complex with a sublabral hole, pathologic labral detachment, Bankart lesion or SLAP lesion. 18 Abstract Buford complex is described as a normal anatomical variant of the anterosuperior part of the glenoid consisting of the absence of the anterosuperior labrum with the presence of a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament. Twenty-four (12%) patients had a sublabral foramen below the anterosuperior labrum; a “cord-like Jan 15, 2025 · The Buford complex, defined as a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament with an absence of the anterosuperior labrum, is the rarest anatomical labral variant of the shoulder and occurs in 1. Need help deciding? Jul 31, 2025 · A sublabral foramen is simply a focal detachment of the anterosuperior labrum from the underlying glenoid and constitutes a normal labral variant of no clinical significance 1-4. Jun 1, 1994 · Two hundred consecutive shoulder arthroscopy videotapes were retrospectively reviewed, paying specific attention to the anatomy of the anterosuperior glenoid quadrant and especially the labroligamentous complex. The Buford complex and labral foramen rates were then compared with a published rate in adults using a binomial probability test. Beide Normvarianten sind häufiger als isolierte Läsionen des anterosuperioren Labrums, die bei einer Mikroinstabilität der Schulter vorkommen können. Dans les cas de complexe de Buford, les images RM axiales au niveau de la moitié These ranges represents subcategories of Shoulder lesions. The Buford complex has previously been thought to be a normal anatomic variant with minimal clinical significance. Distinct terms are used to describe the predominantly affected structure, including neurogenic (nTOS) from brachial plexus compression, venous (vTOS) from subclavian vein compression, and Interrater reliability was determined to identify Buford complexes, sublabral foramens and tears, and normal shoulders via 16 preadolescent and adolescent patients with confirmed arthroscopic correlation. Earn CME Musculoskeletal (MSK) MRI for in many formats including video, interactive DICOM, quizzes, Online Fellowships, and more. The "M75" signifies that these are the diseases within this broad category. 65%). The thickened, cordlike MGHL seen in a Buford complex is an example of a glenoid labrum ovoid mass (GLOM). This result suggests that the real prevalence … Aug 1, 2023 · The Buford complex is an anatomic variation defined as the association of a cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) and an absent anterosuperior labrum. 5% of individuals. Gross anatomy A Buford complex occurs when the anterosuperior labrum is Two hundred consecutive shoulder arthroscopy videotapes were retrospectively reviewed, paying specific attention to the anatomy of the anterosuperior glenoid quadrant and especially the labroligamentous complex. Twenty-four (12%) patients had a sublabral foramen below the anterosuperior labrum; a "cord-like Two hundred consecutive shoulder arthroscopy videotapes were retrospectively reviewed, paying specific attention to the anatomy of the anterosuperior glenoid quadrant and especially the labroligamentous complex. The ICD-10 code section M75 is specifically used to identify and classify various shoulder lesions, covering conditions such as adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff tears, tendinitis, bursitis, and impingement syndrome. Aug 4, 2003 · Recommended Citation Cook, Austin T. Jul 8, 2025 · Buford complex is a congenital glenoid labrum variant that predisposes to SLAP tears. The Buford complex has previously been thought to be a normal anatomic variant with minimal clinical signifi-cance. This normal variation may be mistaken for a detached labrum. These codes are essential for accurately documenting the nature of shoulder injuries and conditions, which can arise from various causes such as overuse, trauma May 3, 2025 · If a Buford complex is present and there is evidence of fraying and/or detachment of the anterior biceps anchor, it is probable that the tension exerted on the cordlike MGHL will cause stretching of the biceps attachment and result in injury to the biceps anchor. Findings suggestive of synovitis were observed in the rotator interval (Fig. The anterosuperior labrum is absent in the 1-3 o'clock position and the middle glenohumeral ligament is usually thickened. is there a cure for this or am i just going to have i live with the constant pain? Nov 1, 2005 · The Buford complex has previously been thought to be a normal anatomic variant with minimal clinical significance. May 1, 2025 · The Buford complex, defined as a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament with an absence of the anterosuperior labrum, is the rarest anatomical labral variant of the shoulder and occurs in 1. This technique modifies the normal Buford variant, which has been found to be associated with the development of superior labral pathology, in an effort to enhance fixation and reduce postsurgical forces on the repaired superior labrum–biceps com The Buford complex (27a) is an anatomic variant that is seen anterosuperiorly, when the anterosuperior portion of the labrum is absent and the middle glenohumeral ligament is thick and cordlike. Twenty-four (12%) patients had a sublabral foramen below the anterosuperior labrum; a “cord-like May 31, 2025 · A SLAP lesion (Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior tear) generally occurs as result of overuse injury to the shoulder in overhead athletes or traumatic falls in older patients and can result in deep shoulder pain and biceps tendonitis. 1. Jul 31, 2025 · A sublabral foramen is simply a focal detachment of the anterosuperior labrum from the underlying glenoid and constitutes a normal labral variant of no clinical significance 1-4. MR imaging of the shoulder is widely used for assessment of impingement and instability-related clinical conditions. Patient concerns: A 50-year-old female patient visited our hospital with pain and stiffness in the right shoulder that lasted for 9 months. The ICD 10 CM codes for shoulder lesions encompass a variety of conditions affecting the shoulder joint, including adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff tears, bicipital tendinitis, calcific tendinitis, impingement syndrome, and bursitis. A Buford complex is present in ~3% (range 1. The patient was operated for Feb 1, 2023 · Download Citation | On Feb 1, 2023, Austin Cook published Buford Complex in a High School Softball Player with Glenohumeral Multidirectional Instability and Cubital Tunnel Syndrome with Ulnar Learn about Musculoskeletal (MSK) MRI in this course. Buford Complex is a relatively uncommon congenital anomaly affecting the shoulder joint. Identifying anatomic variants (e. Aug 26, 2019 · Fiche de cours collaborative au sujet de la maladie Complexe de Buford éditée par le site Radeos S43. Dans les cas de complexe de Buford, les images RM axiales au niveau de la moitié Explore top Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) treatment doctors in Buford, GA - View 1,249 doctors with an average of 25 years experience and 9,067 reviews. The Buford complex is unusual variant of the glenohumeral joint. Let us assist you in reclaiming a life unburdened by the constraints of CRPS. The following review article demonstrates the normal anatomy, variations and classical pitfalls. 432A may differ. We hypothesized that there may be a relationship between BC and scapular morphology. 8: Iss. This anatomic variant is defined by an absent upper anterior quadrant of the labrum and a thickened, cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament that inserts directly into the superior labrum. Enter date of surgery (DOS) or date of injury (DOI) to calculate the number of days, weeks, months or years post op. Figure 19: Buford complex. Explore top Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) treatment doctors in Buford, GA - View 6,315 doctors with an average of 26 years experience and 34,587 reviews. The Buford complex was observed as the absence of the anterosuperior labrum and presence of a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament. Der Buford-Komplex kann in der MRT der Schulter mit einem Foramen sublabrale verwechselt werden. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of S43. Apr 13, 2021 · The Buford complex appears on MR images as a segment of the anterosuperior glenoid rim where no labrum is visible, although the patient also has a thick middle glenohumeral ligament which may lie against the glenoid rim and mimic the unattached labrum of a sublabral foramen (Fig. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the English literature about the isolated tear of cord-like MGHL in Buford Dec 19, 2012 · This complex is known as a Buford complex and was actually described by myself in The Journal of Arthroscopy. Case courtesy Dr. Diagnoses: The clinical impression was frozen shoulder by primary impingement syndrome of right shoulder and the magnetic resonance We describe a novel surgical technique that we have used for patients who require repair of a type II SLAP lesion associated with a Buford complex. May 1, 1996 · Buford Complex in a High School Softball Player with Glenohumeral Multidirectional Instability and Cubital Tunnel Syndrome with Ulnar Nerve Subluxation Article Feb 2023 Austin Cook Jan 19, 2013 · The purpose of this study was to show the MR arthrographic imaging features of a normal anatomic variation of the shoulder: the absence of the anterior superior labrum and the presence of a "cordlike" middle glenohumeral ligament,which together are known as the Buford complex. Misidentifying the Buford complex for a pathological anterosuperio … Jun 1, 2021 · This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Buford complex and to investigate its association with labral pathologies (superior labrum anterior-posterior [SLAP] lesion and anterior, posterior, or multidirectional instability) using a very large patient database. The point of that study was to not repair what was, and is, a normal anatomic variant of the cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament. A Buford complex, found in 1. These include: Buford complex sublabral foramen superior sublabra I have buford's complex in my shoulders. The anatomy of this region is complex. This variant is very uncommon and can be encountered in 1. Abstract: Shoulder instability is a common diagnosis that often requires surgical treatment. Normal variations of the anterior superior labrum include the sublabral foramen and the Buford complex (Figs 1 and 2). Twenty-four (12%) patients had a sublabral foramen below the anterosuperior labrum; a "cord-like A well-recognized variant is the Buford complex, which represents a cordlike thickening of the MGHL, with absence of the anterior superior portion of the labrum. I have had reoccuring shoulder pain and had and MRI that stated I had this plus shoulder impingment syndrome. We present a case of a Buford complex associated with glenohumeral instability. While the Buford complex was historically thought to be a benign anatomical variant, recent evidence has suggested that patients with a Buford complex may be at a higher risk for sustaining superior labrum anterior-posterior tears compared to those without a Buford complex. The Buford complex is a relatively rare and under-recognised variant of normal shoulder anatomy that affects the antero-superior labrum and the middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL). Two hundred consecutive shoulder arthroscopy videotapes were retrospectively reviewed, paying specific attention to the anatomy of the anterosuperior glenoid quadrant and especially the labroligamentous complex. It can be challenging to properly identify on preoperative imaging and remains mostly an arthroscopic finding. A Buford complex occurs when the anterosuperior labrum is absent in the 1-3 o'clock position and the middle glenohumeral ligament is thickened (cord-like). In addition to classical pitfalls (sublabral hole, sublabral recess, Buford complex) the authors focus on a number of normal, bony, cartilaginous, ligamentous and tendinous Buford complex. Medality (formerly MRI Online) offers micro learning content that fits your busy schedule. Misidentifying the Buford complex for a pathological anterosuperior labral tear can result in pain, stiffness, and limited external rotation if accidentally Apr 2, 2012 · Buford complex A Buford complex is a congenital labral variant. Oct 27, 2025 · Diagnologic is an innovating medical website with more than 150 000 radiologic images. Jan 15, 2025 · The Buford complex, defined as a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament with an absence of the anterosuperior labrum, is the rarest anatomical labral variant of the shoulder and occurs in 1. The range of M75 codes includes detailed subcategories like M75. ibes in detail our experience with the diagnosis of isolated tear of the cord-like MGHL in Buford complex and management. Conclusions For patients with a symptomatic type II SLAP tear and an associated Buford complex, using the proximal Buford MGHL to enhance repair and releasing the distal Buford MGHL segment resulted in significant improvement in outcomes at intermediate follow-up. The present report describes in detail our experience with the diagnosis of isolated tear of the cord-like MGHL in Buford complex and management. This anatomical variation may lead the surgeon to confuse this complex with a sublabral hole, pathologic labral detachment, Bankart lesion or SLAP lesion. Imaging features of damage to the anterior labrum include absence or detachment of the labrum and an irregular frayed appearance. 5–2% of individuals [3, 6, 13]. Unique Cognitive Skills Exhibited by Savants What are the typical skills that characterize a savant? Citation, DOI, disclosures and case data Presentation Incidental finding in an MRI for impingement syndrome. A detailed knowledge of the shoulder anatomy and its stabilizing structures is of utmost importance for successful treatment of shoulder instabilities. It may, however, lead to problematic situations when encountered during an arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization procedure, as Buford complex is a congenital variant of the glenoid labrum. The purpose of this study was to determine a potential correlation of an arthroscopic finding of a Buford complex and superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions in patients. We retrospectively analyzed the MR arthrographic examinations of 10 patients with arthroscopically proven Buford The Buford complex has previously been thought to be a normal anatomic variant with minimal clinical significance. The Buford complex is a variant in which the upper glenoid lip is absent in the 1-3 o'clock position, covered by a thickened, cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL). Buford Complex The Buford complex represents a combination of two variants which are a significant thickening of the middle glenohumeral ligament with a cord-like appearance and an associated congenital absence of the anterosuperior labrum (Figure 12). Explore patient feedback and see 632 doctors accepting new patients. L’épais ligament gléno-huméral moyen s’attache directement à la glène antéro-supérieure. These codes help precisely document shoulder problems affecting different sides of the body. 1,2 May 23, 2020 · The “Buford complex” is the absence of the superior anterior glenoid labrum (between 1 and 3) associated with a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament as can be observed in MR arthrography (Fig. Mar 24, 2020 · There are a number of glenoid labral variants, whose importance is mainly due to the fact that the unwary may misinterpret them as pathology (e. It is defined as the absence of the superior labrum from 1-3 O'clock position and is associated with a thickened, sometimes cord-like, middle glenohumeral ligament that helps to add ant An absent anterior superior labrum and an associated cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament represent the normal variation that is known as the Buford complex rather than an avulsed labrum. g. . 432A is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Two hundred fifty consecutive shoulder arthroscopies performed at one institution were reviewed We describe a rare case of the isolated tear in the cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) in Buford complex. 5% to 5% for a Buford complex. In the 1461 patients without labral tears or multidirectional instability, the prevalence of the Buford complex was 0. Illustration (19a), sequential cadaveric axial sections from superior to inferior (19b, 19c, and 19d), with axial (19e), sagittal (19f), and coronal (19g) T1 FS MRA images demonstrate the characteristic findings of a Buford complex. On imaging, it might be confused with a SLAP lesion or an anterior Feb 1, 2023 · Download Citation | On Feb 1, 2023, Austin Cook published Buford Complex in a High School Softball Player with Glenohumeral Multidirectional Instability and Cubital Tunnel Syndrome with Ulnar Learn about Musculoskeletal (MSK) MRI in this course. 5% of the general adult population. 5% of individuals, is the absence of the anterior superior labrum in conjunction with a thickened cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament. The Buford complex, defined as a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament with an absence of the anterosuperior labrum, is the rarest anatomical labral variant of the shoulder and occurs in 1. Normal glenohumeral anatomy and all variations were carefully evaluated and recorded. On these axial images a Buford complex can be identified. Jan 20, 2016 · The Buford complex: the “cord-like” middle glenohumeral ligament and absent anterosuperior labrum complex—a normal anatomic capsulolabral variant. May 29, 2025 · This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the arthroscopically demonstrated Buford complex (BC) and scapular morphology in patients with anterior shoulder instability (ASI) and rotator cuff tears (RCT). 4, Article 3. It is present in approximately 1. Arthroscopy 1994;10 (3):241–247. Retrospective studies have reported an incidence of 8% to 12% for a sublabral foramen and 1. Twenty-four (12%) patients had a sublabral foramen below the anterosuperior labrum; a “cord-like Sep 16, 2020 · This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Buford complex and to investigate its association with labral pathologies (superior labrum anterior-posterior [SLAP] lesion and anterior, posterior, or multidirectional instability) using a very large patient database. , sublabral hole, meniscoid labrum, cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament, and Buford complex) and distinguishing Jan 17, 2022 · Description de l’image Un complexe de Buford, présent chez 1,5% des individus, est l’absence du labrum antéro-supérieur en conjonction avec un ligament glénohuméral moyen épais en forme de cordon. Mar 20, 2023 · The term "thoracic outlet syndrome" was coined to collectively encompass the spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet [6]. This complex is distinguished by a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament that oriented directly form the superior labrum at the base of the biceps tendon Explore top Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) treatment doctors in Buford, GA - View 6,458 doctors with an average of 26 years experience and 36,686 reviews. 0 for adhesive Jul 31, 2018 · A Buford complex (Fig. On imaging, it might be confused with a SLAP lesion or an anterior Jul 24, 2009 · Buford complex is described as a normal anatomical variant of the anterosuperior part of the glenoid consisting of the absence of the anterosuperior labrum with the presence of a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament. I would like some information on Buford complex disorder. 432A - other international versions of ICD-10 S43. 432A became effective on October 1, 2025. The patient was Jan 19, 2013 · The purpose of this study was to show the MR arthrographic imaging features of a normal anatomic variation of the shoulder: the absence of the anterior superior labrum and the presence of a "cordlike" middle glenohumeral ligament,which together are known as the Buford complex. Tw … This anatomical variation may lead the surgeon to confuse this complex with a sublabral hole, pathologic labral detachment, Bankart lesion or SLAP lesion. This highlights the complex nature of savant syndrome, illustrating that exceptional talents can emerge under various circumstances, further complicating our understanding of the condition's prevalence in the autism spectrum community. Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Buford complex and to investigate its association with labral pathol-ogies (superior labrum anterior-posterior [SLAP] lesion and anterior, posterior, or multidirectional instability) using a very large patient database. Epidemiology A Buford complex is present in ~3% (range 1. We retrospectively analyzed the MR arthrographic examinations of 10 patients with arthroscopically proven Buford Oct 11, 2021 · Parsonage-Turner syndrome Buford complex Spinoglenoid notch ganglion cyst Glenoid labrum Paralabral cyst of the shoulder Full-thickness rotator cuff tear Cases: Paralabral cyst SLAP lesion Glenoid dysplasia Paralabral cyst of the shoulder Acromioclavicular joint injury Paralabral cyst of the posterior labrum Glenoid labral tear with paralabral cyst Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Treatment in Peachtree Corners & Buford, GA For more information about our CRPS services, or to schedule an appointment with one of our pain management specialists, please contact us today at. Jul 8, 2025 · Buford complex is a congenital glenoid labrum variant that predisposes to SLAP tears. Delamination damage to the posterior labrum was observed. Short description: Superior glenoid labrum lesion of left shoulder, init encntr The 2026 edition of ICD-10-CM S43. Bankart lesion or labral tear). Sep 16, 2020 · This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Buford complex and to investigate its association with labral pathologies (superior labrum anterior-posterior [SLAP] lesion and anterior, posterior, or multidirectional instability) using a very large patient database. 5% to 6. Nov 19, 2016 · A Buford complex, the absence of the anterosuperior labrum next to the cross section of a thickened MGHL on axial images, should not be confounded with a labral tear. They go in to do surgery and end up connecting it to your bicep and it causes a lot of problems. 3%. We report a case of Buford complex which was found incidentally during the operation of impingement syndrome with stiffness and treated with subacromial decompression only. Axial (a) and sagittal (b) T1-weighted fat-suppressed MR arthrogram images demon-strate the absence of the ante-rosuperior labrum (arrowhead) and the thickened cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament (straight arrow). We present the normal anatomy of the glenoid labrum, biceps anchor and gleno-humeral The anatomy and pathology of the superior glenoid labrum have become better defined with the in-creasing popularity of shoulder arthroscopy. Buford, GA has 5939 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) treatment results with an average of 26 years of experience and a total of 32673 reviews. (2023) "Buford Complex in a High School Softball Player with Glenohumeral Multidirectional Instability and Cubital Tunnel Syndrome with Ulnar Nerve Subluxation," Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association: Vol. opii6f 56bxeg g546 tcxa uin v6o9 tiok 0nx41qnl ry hq1r1