Testcafe proxy Chrome the local OS proxy settings are misconfigured, such that browser requests are not routed to the local host, but to t User friendly web proxy powered by testcafe-hammerhead - EnchantedDonutStudioz/Proxy Mar 17, 2021 · TestCafe proxy now correctly handles requests that are not permitted by the CORS policy (testcafe-hammerhead/ #1263) Sadly --skip-js-errors doesn't work for us either as the request needs to be successful, for the component to load. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Supporting me and Feb 2, 2017 · In corporate networks, where browser have specified proxy settings for access to WEB, TestCafe cannot establish connection to the remote resources, cause all requests are sent directly to the remote host, bypassing corporate proxy. ). The following methods configure test runner settings required to start tests: rammerhead proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. That’s why the TestCafe team decided to gradually phase the reverse proxy out in favor of native support for these automation protocols May 10, 2022 · What is your Scenario? I am running my test in multiple browsers, working fine for all other browser except Chrome as testcafe is not able to launch chrome browser. Due to this, the node application itself needs to be told which proxy settings to use, as they are not inferred from the browser settings Jan 7, 2019 · TestCafe is a mature framework built from scratch which is built on Node. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) rammerhead proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. As a result, the TestCafe team needs to come up with elaborate workarounds to keep all Mar 18, 2024 · Unlike most testing solutions, TestCafe Studio is not built on Selenium. I am trying to ensure I don’t reuse a previously used IP address. The TestCafe proxy: A testcafe-hammerhead testcafe-hammerhead is a powerful Web proxy used as a core for the TestCafe testing framework. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Nov 27, 2023 · Testcafe is a modern cross-platform framework for teams focused on flexibility. Could you please clarify if you used the Sauce's Connect Tunnel when SauceLabs Live session started as mentioned in the first statement? What is your Test Scenario? I’m trying to run testcafe in our pipeline (Semaphore) using a docker image based on the official one, where the only additions are copying our tests inside it and install some other additional npm packages used by them. In TestCafe v3. The main issue is test cafe is able to open browser but it's not connecting to browser and una TestCafe is a Node. If you want to contribute to the development of the framework, you can build TestCafe from source. Together with unit and integration tests, end-to-end createTestCafe Function Creates a TestCafe server instance. Jul 7, 2021 · Please update to the latest TestCafe version (. TestCafe uses a URL-rewriting proxy which allows it to work without the WebDriver. TestCafe uses a URL-rewriting proxy  which allows it to work without the WebDriver. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Supporting me and contributing Server infrastructure costs money and developing this project consumes a lot rammerhead proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. What is Nightwatch. User friendly web proxy powered by testcafe-hammerhead Jul 5, 2020 · I am using TestCafe v1. This resulted in a peculiar behaviour; when running our E2E tests, one particular JS asset request is slowed down by precisely 30 seconds before finally loading (it always loads, but slowly). It is not a browser itself, like Cypress. I believe testcafe overrides most window. 0 and higher, native automation is the default setting. js What is your Test Scenario? I’m trying to run testcafe in our pipeline (Semaphore) using a docker image based on the official one, where the only additions are copying our tests inside it and install some other additional npm packages used by them. When a test fails, TestCafe quarantines it, and repeats it until the test yields conclusive results. TestCafe uses a proxy server, it injects scripts in the page then we can inspect the elements. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) What is your Test Scenario? We have an existing testcafe E2E test suite. It contains a fixture: a category of tests. Read this article to find out the reasons for this decision, and its impact on TestCafe users like you. Omit the -g flag to create a local installation. The proxy server host. 5. TestCafe Studio uses a URL rewrite proxy that allows the application to work without WebDriver. rammerhead proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. Data Sharing Select the Join the Customer Experience and Notification Program checkbox to send usage statistics and crash reports to DevExpress. 0 and up, the framework engages Native Automation mode to automate Chromium-based browsers with the native CDP protocol. If you use the TestCafe proxy, the return value is undefined. But what exactly prevented this request differs from case to case. The TestCafe agent, a small program running on the test machine, controls the browser. js --proxy sample. JS-based end-to-end testing framework for web apps. But this technique complicates the framework. It just should be accessible from the machine that runs TestCafe. Dec 10, 2024 · What is your Scenario? Run any tests on testcafe What is the Current behavior? Testcafe fails to open with error ERROR Unable to open the "chrome:" browser due to the Feb 25, 2025 · What is your Scenario? Launching a simple test to invoke browser in linux environment and navigate to google. TestCafe is a tool that supports page object model, data-driven and Mar 30, 2025 · Questions Asked in TestCafe Interview Q 1. Yarn users can install TestCafe with yarn. 89. If you enable native automation, the browser inspects SSL certificates, and displays a warning screen in case of an error. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Nov 11, 2018 · What is your Test Scenario? Use testcafe behind a gateway proxy; For e. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Supporting me and contributing Server infrastructure costs money and developing this project consumes a lot General Info Can I use TestCafe for free? What is the difference between TestCafe and TestCafe Studio? What operating systems does TestCafe support? I want to run tests in different browsers. js-based framework that operates through a proxy server, allowing it to Jun 21, 2023 · I know testcafe supports various hooks for requests that are going through the testcafe-hammerhead web proxy. WonderProxy adds the ability to route these tests through real locations around the world. Apr 29, 2024 · TestCafe and Selenium are prominent tools in web application testing, each offering distinct approaches and capabilities. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) The proxy allows users to create a "session". Dec 7, 2022 · This method is often referred to as a reverse proxy. com:7878 コマンド引数には、 --ports というのも存在しますが、 proxy使う際には、ドメインの後ろにコロンでプロキシ番号を入力しても通ります。 Aug 5, 2019 · What is TestCafé? TestCafé is an end-to-end testing framework, written in JavaScript (JS) or Typescript. 6. Oct 7, 2014 · Resources loaded by TestCafe are not fetched directly by the browser, as they pass through the TestCafe proxy (default port 1339). Using --proxy myproxy:proxyport works fine. 64 was published by binary-person. async createTestCafe(options) → Promise<TestCafe> disableNativeAutomation Type: Boolean Description: When you launch TestCafe v3. Each test receives a test controller as a parameter. End-to-end testing is a technique to test an application flow from start to finish. When you run tests with TestCafe, the browser address bar displays a URL prefixed with certain numbers because TestCafe proxies the tested pages using its own open-source proxy server, a URL rewriting proxy. org Mar 7, 2019 · Here is a basic test file. As a workaround, you can set up the Google Chrome profile on your local machine, copy it to the CircleCI machine and specify the :userProfile suffix for the TestCafe's browser parameter. I need this URL to pass on to lighthouse to get score of the authenticated page as it opens a new tab in testcafe. org Feb 11, 2025 · This guide will help you install TestCafe, an open-source, Node. TestCafe’s architecture is client-server based. 2. origin returns the testcafe proxy url and not the host of where the website is at. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Since BrowserStack will access your site through the TestCafe proxy, there is no requirement of public IP/domain for your site. js is also an end-to-end testing framework based on Node Mar 1, 2019 · On my local Windows 10 machine, Edge fails to connect to the TestCafe tests proxy/platform when I'm connected to my work VPN. Dec 9, 2021 · TestCafe Studio includes two UI themes: Light and Dark. 0 introduced an experimental mode that allows users to automate Chromium-based browsers, such as Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge, with the native CDP protocol. A set of rules that specify which resources TestCafe should access directly. Mar 31, 2020 · As stated in the docs TestCafe's --proxy, the CLI option specifies the proxy server used in your local network to access the Internet and --proxy-bypass requires that TestCafe bypasses that proxy server to access the specified resources. Package is for those who want a fully-configurable proxy that works on many sites Effectiveness of proxy This proxy supports proxying basically everything except google logins Features of proxy The proxy allows users to create a "session". It communicates with the TestCafe proxy server, which in turn interacts with the TestCafe test runner. Use the --save-dev flag to add testcafe to the dependencies list. Version: 1. Jan 10, 2022 · Proxy を介した接続をする proxyの指定は、 コードでは無く、コマンド引数で指定します。 testcafe chrome test_proxy. You can see it if you open a proxied page, invoke the browser's DevTools and inspect any element. TestCafe uses one configuration file at a time. 3. Because of this, the app ends up on our not found page and the tests fail. If you access the Internet through a proxy server, use the useProxy method to specify its host. The latest versions of the following browsers work without any extra configuration: Dec 29, 2022 · Experimental: Proxyless mode TestCafe runs an under-the-hood reverse proxy to automate tests across different browsers. Which browsers does TestCafe support? Does the technology stack of my application affect TestCafe tests? What programming language do TestCafe tests use? Can I test mobile applications with TestCafe? Can Test repo for new testcafe proxy bypass option. Rammerhead Note This proxy is technically maintained, but is not worked, because it is not an interception proxy, and it will rack up server load. org Contributions Server infrastructure costs money and developing this project consumes a lot of my time, so I would appreciate it greatly if you Use the TestCafe Docker Image TestCafe provides a preconfigured Docker image with Chromium and Firefox installed. As we have many individual tests doing this User friendly web proxy powered by testcafe-hammerhead May 14, 2022 · In this article you will learn to perform modern web testing with TestCafe using JavaScript and Selenium. Specify the disableNativeAutomation option to disable Native Automation. ## アーキテクチャ ー概要 TestCafe のエンジニアの Alexander さんが書いた記事： TestCafe: An e2e Testing Tool That Doesn’t Use Selenium proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. Page proxying If you disable native automation, TestCafe automates browsers with the testcafe-hammerhead  proxy. I am using TestCafe v1. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) TestCafe is a user-friendly end-to-end testing framework. Recently, we’ve routed our app’s API through a Cloudflare proxy (without cache). What is the Current behavior? Ch The proxy allows users to create a "session". Mar 29, 2021 · I really like TestCafe's engine implementation, using a server to proxy the client page and a ws connection to transmit commands to the page/frames. Unlike WebDriver or Puppeteer, TestCafe doesn't control a browser at all. TestCafe uses a URL-rewriting proxy which allows it to work without the WebDriver. With our test management, you can use it as a basic tool for working with projects of different scales and complexity. Features of proxy The proxy allows users to create a “session”. Runner Object A TestCafe Runner configures and launches test tasks. Due to this condition I feel forced to use . It is driven by unique technology which provides fast and simple cross browser testing for desktop and mobile browsers. If the configuration output doesn't contain the proxy, proxy-bypass fields, you configured them incorrectly. js --proxy http://wpad/wpad. Is there a cleaner way to get the current proxy ip without hitting a whatsmyip rammerhead proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. Oct 7, 2023 · User friendly web proxy powered by testcafe-hammerhead. The inclusion of API tests or checks significantly increases your test coverage, and allows you test your application’s server-side components right alongside its client side. Is there a way to get that prefix URL - http:// {hostname}: {port}/randomString in the test. 11 used in SurfSkip. Contribute to n0v1/testcafe-proxy-bypass-test development by creating an account on GitHub. 8. com. When they access their session, their localStorage and cookies will be synced with rammerhead. 0 I’m trying to login to server with my local code, while login request passes, and GraphQL request (with Apollo) passes as well, I can't pass the registration to SignalR ev proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (default password is sharkie4life, if you deployed from this repo you can ignore this) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. 15. A fixture is defined by a name and a page function that targets the start page of our group of tests. Jun 21, 2023 · TestCafe Goes Native TestCafe v2. Can anyone please suggest how can I deal with testcafe proxy url or what are the settings do I need to set for testcafe proxy? Thank in advance!! The proxy allows users to create a "session". 1. but when I try to use localhost, it continually responds with service not availa A powerful web-proxy forked from testcafe-hammerhead@31. I need to control the other parts of the process proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. The fundamental difference between Selenium and TestCafe is that Selenium runs the code in the browser process itself, whereas TestCafe uses a Proxy in between which performs URL rewriting, and injects the test scripts into the browser. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Supporting me and contributing Server infrastructure costs money and developing this project consumes a lot Aug 21, 2020 · So the issue is I have to remove the testcafe proxy url to make my http auth page running and I am not sure how to deal with testcafe proxy or bypass it to make my http auth page working perfectly. navigateTo (whatsmyipsite) and get the displayed ip from Client. I have attached two screenshots below showing the details for both the requests by TestCafe as well as the requests by a normal browser session. Jun 25, 2020 · As testcafe works over the proxy, that self. This allows us to implement features you cannot find in Selenium-based tools (for example, testing remote devices without extra plugins and automatic waiting). Sep 29, 2017 · How It Works TestCafe uses a URL-rewriting proxy instead of WebDriver. TestCafe core is a proxy server that runs behind the scene, and transforms testcafe-hammerhead testcafe-hammerhead is a powerful Web proxy used as a core for the TestCafe testing framework. href, etc). org Polished closed-source-for-now browser version: https://browser. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Ready-to-run examples for TestCafe. Native automation protocols offer superior automation speeds and greater stability. js asset request using testcafe proxy with localhost and origin hosted behind Cloudflare proxy (cache disabled) #6385 Mar 11, 2019 · By default, TestCafe runs the Google Chrome browser with a clean profile (without any extensions, cookies, etc. Sep 2, 2020 · By looking into the requests made by TestCafe and its respective proxy, the request urls look quite strange. Powerful desktop app. js? Nightwatch. I’m using the --proxy The app is completely functional, but our tests now fail because the app is being routed incorrectly when the tests are running in testcafe. . We already had a B2C tenant app registration for localhost to support local development, and once we enabled this parameter, test scripts were able to login successfully using B2C as the identity and authentication provider. org See PACKAGE. g. Use a Proxy Important When TestCafe uses native automation, it cannot route HTTP requests through a proxy. And, as of TestCafe v1. location methods to return the real host of where the page is located, but it seems self. This independence allowed TestCafe to grow its capabilities beyond what browsers can do out of the box. TestCafe is used for building automated, browser-driven UI tests for any website. 0 I’m trying to login to server with my local code, while login request passes, and GraphQL testcafe-hammerhead testcafe-hammerhead is a powerful Web proxy used as a core for the TestCafe testing framework. I need to set Automatic proxy configuration URL = http://wpad/wpad. Dec 25, 2022 · We have started using TestCafe recently and prepared a best practices document for our test automation engineers. It tests the application and its components for integration and data integrity in a product-like setting by simulating a real user scenario. 0. 20. As testcafe works over the proxy, that self. TestCafe provides fast browser automation that’s easy to script and maintain. md for information on how to build this for your website-aio bundle. The proxy allows users to create a "session". TestCafe Proxy: An Obscure yet Potent E2E Testing Tool TestCafe Proxy is an intermediary layer that intercepts and manipulates HTTP requests and responses during end-to-end (E2E) testing. The test controller is an object that allows us to access the test api. Polished closed-source-for-now browser version: https://browser. In my project I'm running the proxy standalone without the testcafe framework itself and I am wondering if hooks are still supported here, and if so, what the correct way of adding them would be. It opens wide opportunities for QAs to solve functional testing tasks. js test in Chrome and MS Edge: testcafe chrome,edge test. Dec 6, 2018 · @RogerStudner, Testcafe proxy server should have access from CircleCI to your site. I’m using the --proxy Jan 28, 2022 · You need to specify proxy settings as TestCafe arguments: "scripts": { "DEMO": "testcafe firefox pageObjModel/tests/*. You can opt out at any time. Mar 17, 2021 · TestCafe proxy now correctly handles requests that are not permitted by the CORS policy (testcafe-hammerhead/ #1263) Sadly --skip-js-errors doesn't work for us either as the request needs to be successful, for the component to load. Those tests run against a test environment, that for security reasons can only be accessed either via VPN or a proxy. Use page objects 30s delay on . Install Docker and Download TestCafe Image Test in Docker Containers Test on the Host Machine Test on Remote Devices Proxy Settings Troubleshooting Install Docker and Download TestCafe The proxy allows users to create a "session". createRunner method to create a Runner. Jul 21, 2023 · Testing with TestCafe TestCafe is another alternative engine for driving browsers. Together, they create a lean setup that helps teams spot regional issues early without slowing their workflow. This proxy injects the driver script that emulates user actions into the tested page. testcafe-hammerhead testcafe-hammerhead is a powerful Web proxy used as a core for the TestCafe testing framework. This behavior takes place because the browser does not have direct website access. #6882 Sep 5, 2024 · User friendly web proxy powered by testcafe-hammerhead - Quartinal/rammerhead-443 proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. devexpress. If you don’t specify a custom configuration file path, TestCafe searches the current working directory for a configuration file with the default name and a supported extension, in the following order: If the TestCafe proxy does not receive the webpage within two minutes, TestCafe throws the following exception: Failed to load the page at https://www. 4. Table of Contents Prerequisites Installation methods overview Install TestCafe from NPM Install TestCafe with Yarn Install TestCafe from testcafe-hammerhead is a URL-rewriting proxy. See full list on docs. 0) and make sure you pass proxy settings correctly (see #6363 (comment)). Basic information on setting up RammerheadRammerhead Proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) GitHub Demo link: https://demo-opensource. All of sudden, it stopped working. The following shell command launches the test. Allows TestCafe to bypass the proxy when it accesses specific resources. Native automation limits the range of available browser interactions. Disable Native Automation to automate browsers with the TestCafe proxy. It cannot be chained with other TestController methods. Some modifications will be applied on this fork to provide full control over the proxy. Enterprise-quality web services. This means that it rewrites all properties of the appropriate JavaScript objects that contain a URL value (Location, HTMLLinkElement. We Jul 24, 2018 · Using the latest version of Testcafe I'm behind a corporate proxy. It happens when the test is ran against the website being hosted on amazon cloudfront, but if I run the test against the webs proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. It API Testing TestCafe includes a comprehensive set of server-side API testing tools. This allows for accurately mocking cookied requests and conveniently save their logins even if they switch devices. 96. The TestCafe proxy can automate websites that use invalid SSL certificates. dat and No proxy for 138. Jul 21, 2018 · Testcafe's proxy seems to have a problem with connecting to websockets #2649 Closed ColCh opened this issue on Jul 21, 2018 · 12 comments Feb 15, 2021 · TestCafe proxy can now properly parse statements that use a comma operator in for. com What is the Current behavior? Testcafe unable to launch browser and start tests gett Feb 16, 2022 · How to acces page with Proxy in testcafe. The next time you run TestCafe and activate a Role, TestCafe repeats the authentication process. com testcafe-hammerhead is a URL-rewriting proxy. Jul 2, 2021 · I'm trying to run testcafe in our pipeline (Semaphore) using a docker image based on the official one, where the only additions are copying our tests inside it and install some other additional npm proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. TestCafé imitates user activity through the injected driver script by the proxy. The testcafe-hammerhead  proxy intercepts browser requests and injects automation scripts into the requested pages. When we run a test in testcafe, it uses reverse proxy. You can add dedicated API tests to your test suite, or include API testing methods in existing functional tests. Browsers Browser support TestCafe supports a wide array of modern browsers. Explain the architecture of TestCafe. If you manually set the path to the configuration file, TestCafe loads that configuration file. The proxy allows you to run tests in browsers that aren’t based on Chromium, remote browsers, and cloud browsers. Use the testCafe. of loops Fixed a bug where TestCafe would open a new window even if preventDefault is present in element’s event handler (testcafe-hammerhead/#2582 ) Jun 25, 2020 · As testcafe works over the proxy, that self. Dec 5, 2024 · When we run a test in testcafe, it uses reverse proxy. Free and open source test runner. dat --proxy-bypass Mar 16, 2025 · Testcafe Proxy Lead Author: Patrick O'Lally, Co-authors: Brigitte Danièle de Mistral-Leroy and Deanna McLean Updated: March 16, 2025 TestCafe Proxy: Advanced Use-Cases and Technical Implementation 1. The proxy injects client-side automation scripts into the page. It does not leverage Selenium like most other test automation frameworks but instead utilizes a URL-rewriting proxy. The System default option automatically matches the operating system theme. Nov 17, 2025 · TestCafe and WonderProxy make that simple. Oct 17, 2024 · TestCafe Native Automation + Chrome + Sauce Connect If your tests are issuing TestCafe HTTP requests and require a Sauce Connect tunnel, you will need to either set the proxy manually or disable TestCafe's Native Automation. Dec 18, 2019 · Meaning, I use crawlera proxies and for each TestCafe test I run their API gives a new proxy ip from a random ip pool of thousands of ips. ---This video is based on the questio Jun 20, 2023 · Could anyone point me in the direction of where in the codebase for testcafe-hammerhead I would be able to implement a piece of middleware that inspects an incoming request and sets a forward / ext May 7, 2020 · The cause of the issue is the same thing: a browser doesn't send an establishing HTTP request to the TestCafe Proxy server. The following 17 best practices were captured through the test cafe online documentation, test automation scripting best practices, and our experience with similar automation projects. Core Concepts testcafe-hammerhead is a URL-rewriting proxy. Architecture TestCafe: A Node. That VPN needs to be active for testing, due to application authentication. Disable Native Automation This is the recommended approach, which poses less of a hassle. rammerhead. TestCafe is a user-friendly end-to-end testing framework. TestCafe automatically launches a reverse proxy as soon as you start a test run. 7 in with testcafe-react-selector v3. example. You can use the t It's not a browser itself, like Cypress, but TestCafe core is a proxy server that runs behind the scenes and transforms all HTML and JavaScript files to include code that is needed for test automation. Proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Q: What are the limitations of native automation? The TestCafe automation proxy was independent of browsers’ internal logic. location were not overriden. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Aug 15, 2021 · Testcafe was able to connect browser and trigger test cases before. js tool to automate end-to-end web testing. This comparison will outline their architectural differences, feature sets, and practical implementations to help you decide which framework best suits your project needs. Oct 18, 2022 · As testcafe works on reverse proxy all the session/local storage are stored with proxy URL. proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. Roles remain active until the user activates a different Role, or the test ends. This is due to the fact that the window. location object fields contain information from the testcafe proxy in them (see screenshot). 0, you can now use TestCafe for automated API testing too. TestCafe is using Client-Server Architecture for running the tests? proxy based on testcafe-hammerhead (password is sharkie4life) Demo link: https://demo-opensource. org (more links by awesome community members in the discord server at the end of readme) Jul 18, 2020 · TestCafe と Hammerhead の連携モジュールがこれなのかな↓ GitHub - DevExpress/testcafe-hammerhead: A powerful web-proxy used as a core for the TestCafe testing framework. I just thought of sharing the content from the documentation with the community. location. Aug 25, 2022 · The whole url gets replaced and I don't see the testcafe frame anymore. Explore effective methods to retrieve the `TestCafe` reverse proxy URL, ensuring seamless automated testing integration. It is TestCafe itself which makes the HTTP requests, as far as I understand. This also enables users to configure a custom HTTP proxy server for rammerhead to connect to for the session. Contribute to DevExpress/testcafe-examples development by creating an account on GitHub. To start TestCafe in quarantine mode, use the -q (--quarantine-mode) CLI flag, or the quarantineMode Test Runner API option. Command Line Interface Use the command line interface to launch and configure TestCafe. Start using Socket to analyze rammerhead and i Aug 27, 2021 · This enables testcafe's proxy to use localhost instead of the test client's IP address in the prefixed application URL. Therefore, you can avoid manual installation of browsers and the testing framework on the server. js.